Medical Screening and Surveillance

Medical surveillance is the analysis of health information to look for problems that may be occurring in the workplace that require targeted prevention. Thus, surveillance serves as a feedback loop to the employer. Surveillance may be based on a single case or sentinel event, but more typically uses screening results from the group of employees being evaluated to look for abnormal trends in health status. Surveillance can also be conducted on a single employee over time. Review of group results helps to identify potential problem areas and the effectiveness of existing worksite preventive strategies. The following resources contain medical surveillance information including specific hazards and surveillance guidelines.

Surveillance. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Safety and Health Topic.
Indicators for Occupational Health Surveillance. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 50(RR01);1-7, (2007, January 19).

Health Hazard Evaluations. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). NIOSH conducts investigations of possible health hazards in the workplace to determine whether any substance normally found in the place of employment has potentially toxic effects in such concentrations as used or found.
The Work-Related Lung Disease Surveillance Report, 2002. US Department of Human Health Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupation Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 2003-111, (2002). Provides national and state-specific data of pneumoconiosis and other work-related respiratory conditions.
TLV/BEI Resources. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). This organization of government and industrial hygienists publishes biological exposure indices for use which can be used for criteria for evaluating biological samples collected for medical surveillance.
Tracking Occupational Injuries, Illnesses, and Hazards: The NIOSH Surveillance Strategic Plan. US Department of Human Health Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupation Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-118, (2001, January). NIOSH embarked on a process to assess current surveillance needs and to identify its goals for the next decade. The Surveillance Strategic Plan is the result of that effort.

Best Practices in Workplace Surveillance: Identification and Tracking of Workplace Injury, Illness, Exposures, and Hazards. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Includes presentations and handout materials.
Links Between Public Health and Worksite Surveillance of Occupational Illness, Injuries, and Hazards
Occupational Medical Surveillance Manual. US Department of Defense (DoD), (1998, May). Provides minimum standards for medial surveillance programs to help occupational health professionals and others recognize and evaluate health risks associated with specific workplace exposures.
General Information. Chapter 1. Describes the general requirements for medical surveillance, types of examinations, and record keeping.
Medical Surveillance for OSHA-Regulated Exposures. Chapter 2. Describes OSHA related medical surveillance.
Medical Surveillance Endorsed by the Department of Defense. Chapter 3. Includes additional medical surveillance protocols endorsed by the DoD, where OSHA does not provide guidance.
National Occupational Exposure Survey Analysis of Management Interview Responses. US Department of Human Health Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupation Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 89-103, (1998, March). Provides data on the extent and conditions of potential worker exposure to chemical, physical, and biological agents.
A Guide for the Management, Analysis, and Interpretation of Occupational Mortality Data. US Department of Human Health Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 90-115, (1990, September). Provides guidelines for state health departments interested in occupational mortality surveillance.
National Occupational Exposure Survey Sampling Methodology. US Department of Human Health Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupation Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 89-102, (1990, February). Describes the method used to select the sample of plants surveyed and the estimation techniques used to project survey data to national estimates.

For additional information, see OSHA's Safety and Health Topics Pages on:

Arsenic
Asbestos
Benzene
Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick Prevention
1,3-Butadiene
Cadmium
Carcinogens
Cotton Dust
Dermal Exposure
Emergency Preparedness and Response
Ergonomics
Ethylene Oxide
Formaldehyde
Hazardous and Toxic Substances
Hazardous Waste
Laboratories
Lead
Methylene Chloride
Noise and Hearing Conservation
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
Respiratory Protection
Silica, Crystalline
Tuberculosis